diff --git a/src/common/mainloop/interserver.rs b/src/common/mainloop/interserver.rs
index 3547f8b..ce1cb66 100644
--- a/src/common/mainloop/interserver.rs
+++ b/src/common/mainloop/interserver.rs
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ where
 
 
 
-pub fn login_listen_mainloop<EG: EntityGateway + 'static>(state: Arc<Mutex<CharacterServerState<EG>>>, port: u16) ->  Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()>>> {
+pub fn login_listen_mainloop<EG: EntityGateway + Clone + 'static>(state: Arc<Mutex<CharacterServerState<EG>>>, port: u16) ->  Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()>>> {
     Box::pin(async_std::task::spawn(async move {
         let listener = async_std::net::TcpListener::bind(&std::net::SocketAddr::from((std::net::Ipv4Addr::new(0,0,0,0), port))).await.unwrap();
         let mut id = 0;
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ pub fn login_listen_mainloop<EG: EntityGateway + 'static>(state: Arc<Mutex<Chara
     }))
 }
 
-pub fn ship_connect_mainloop<EG: EntityGateway + 'static>(state: Arc<Mutex<ShipServerState<EG>>>, ip: std::net::Ipv4Addr, port: u16) ->  Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()>>> {
+pub fn ship_connect_mainloop<EG: EntityGateway + Clone + 'static>(state: Arc<Mutex<ShipServerState<EG>>>, ip: std::net::Ipv4Addr, port: u16) ->  Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()>>> {
     Box::pin(async_std::task::spawn(async move {
         let mut id = 0;
         let (server_state_sender, server_state_receiver) = async_std::channel::bounded(1024);
diff --git a/src/common/mainloop/mod.rs b/src/common/mainloop/mod.rs
index 2a5b3ff..5e84d09 100644
--- a/src/common/mainloop/mod.rs
+++ b/src/common/mainloop/mod.rs
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ pub fn patch_mainloop(patch_state: PatchServerState, patch_port: u16) -> Pin<Box
     Box::pin(client_mainloop)
 }
 
-pub fn login_mainloop<EG: EntityGateway + 'static>(login_state: LoginServerState<EG>, login_port: u16) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()>>> {
+pub fn login_mainloop<EG: EntityGateway + Clone + 'static>(login_state: LoginServerState<EG>, login_port: u16) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()>>> {
     let login_state = Arc::new(Mutex::new(login_state));
     let client_mainloop = client_accept_mainloop(login_state, login_port);
     Box::pin(client_mainloop)
 }
 
-pub fn character_mainloop<EG: EntityGateway + 'static>(character_state: CharacterServerState<EG>, character_port: u16, comm_port: u16) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()>>> {
+pub fn character_mainloop<EG: EntityGateway + Clone + 'static>(character_state: CharacterServerState<EG>, character_port: u16, comm_port: u16) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()>>> {
     let character_state = Arc::new(Mutex::new(character_state));
     let client_mainloop = client_accept_mainloop(character_state.clone(), character_port);
     let ship_communication_mainloop = login_listen_mainloop(character_state, comm_port);
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub fn character_mainloop<EG: EntityGateway + 'static>(character_state: Characte
 }
 
 
-pub fn ship_mainloop<EG: EntityGateway + 'static>(ship_state: ShipServerState<EG>, ship_port: u16, comm_ip: std::net::Ipv4Addr, comm_port: u16) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()>>> {
+pub fn ship_mainloop<EG: EntityGateway + Clone + 'static>(ship_state: ShipServerState<EG>, ship_port: u16, comm_ip: std::net::Ipv4Addr, comm_port: u16) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()>>> {
     let ship_state = Arc::new(Mutex::new(ship_state));
     let client_mainloop = client_accept_mainloop(ship_state.clone(), ship_port);
     let login_communication_mainloop = ship_connect_mainloop(ship_state, comm_ip, comm_port);
diff --git a/src/entity/gateway/inmemory.rs b/src/entity/gateway/inmemory.rs
index 965b478..ba6f665 100644
--- a/src/entity/gateway/inmemory.rs
+++ b/src/entity/gateway/inmemory.rs
@@ -7,57 +7,199 @@ use crate::entity::character::*;
 use crate::entity::gateway::{EntityGateway, EntityGatewayTransaction, GatewayError};
 use crate::entity::item::*;
 
-use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use async_std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
 // TODO: implement multiple banks
-
 pub struct InMemoryGatewayTransaction<'a> {
     working_gateway: InMemoryGateway,
     original_gateway: &'a mut InMemoryGateway,
 }
 
+
+fn copy_if_needed<K, V>(working_table: &mut BTreeMap<K, V>, original_table: &BTreeMap<K, V>, key: K) -> Option<()>
+where
+    K: Ord + Copy,
+    V: Clone,
+{
+    if let std::collections::btree_map::Entry::Vacant(e) = working_table.entry(key) {
+        e.insert(original_table.get(&key)?.clone());
+    }
+
+    Some(())
+}
+
+// functions here have been skipped as they are not used in transactions, add as needed
+#[async_trait::async_trait]
+impl<'a> EntityGateway for InMemoryGatewayTransaction<'a> {
+    async fn create_user(&mut self, user: NewUserAccountEntity) -> Result<UserAccountEntity, GatewayError> {
+        self.working_gateway.create_user(user).await
+    }
+
+    async fn get_user_by_id(&mut self, id: UserAccountId) -> Result<UserAccountEntity, GatewayError> {
+        match self.working_gateway.get_user_by_id(id).await {
+            Ok(user) => Ok(user),
+            Err(_) => {
+                self.original_gateway.get_user_by_id(id).await
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn get_user_by_name(&mut self, username: String) -> Result<UserAccountEntity, GatewayError> {
+        match self.working_gateway.get_user_by_name(username.clone()).await {
+            Ok(user) => Ok(user),
+            Err(_) => {
+                self.original_gateway.get_user_by_name(username).await
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn save_user(&mut self, user: &UserAccountEntity) -> Result<(), GatewayError>  {
+        self.working_gateway.save_user(user).await
+    }
+
+    async fn create_user_settings(&mut self, settings: NewUserSettingsEntity) -> Result<UserSettingsEntity, GatewayError> {
+        self.working_gateway.create_user_settings(settings).await
+    }
+
+    async fn get_user_settings_by_user(&mut self, user: &UserAccountEntity) -> Result<UserSettingsEntity, GatewayError> {
+        match self.working_gateway.get_user_settings_by_user(user).await {
+            Ok(user) => Ok(user),
+            Err(_) => {
+                self.original_gateway.get_user_settings_by_user(user).await
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn save_character(&mut self, char: &CharacterEntity) -> Result<(), GatewayError>  {
+        copy_if_needed(&mut *self.working_gateway.characters.lock().await,
+                       &*self.original_gateway.characters.lock().await,
+                       char.id
+        );
+        self.working_gateway.save_character(char).await
+    }
+
+    async fn create_item(&mut self, item: NewItemEntity) -> Result<ItemEntity, GatewayError> {
+        self.working_gateway.create_item(item).await
+    }
+
+    async fn add_item_note(&mut self, item_id: &ItemEntityId, item_note: ItemNote) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        self.working_gateway.add_item_note(item_id, item_note).await
+    }
+
+    async fn feed_mag(&mut self, mag_item_id: &ItemEntityId, tool_item_id: &ItemEntityId) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        self.working_gateway.feed_mag(mag_item_id, tool_item_id).await
+    }
+
+    async fn change_mag_owner(&mut self, mag_item_id: &ItemEntityId, character: &CharacterEntity) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        self.working_gateway.change_mag_owner(mag_item_id, character).await
+    }
+
+    async fn use_mag_cell(&mut self, mag_item_id: &ItemEntityId, mag_cell_id: &ItemEntityId) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        self.working_gateway.use_mag_cell(mag_item_id, mag_cell_id).await
+    }
+
+    async fn add_weapon_modifier(&mut self, item_id: &ItemEntityId, modifier: weapon::WeaponModifier) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        self.working_gateway.add_weapon_modifier(item_id, modifier).await
+    }
+
+    async fn get_character_inventory(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId) -> Result<InventoryEntity, GatewayError> {
+        match self.working_gateway.get_character_inventory(char_id).await {
+            Ok(inventory) => Ok(inventory),
+            Err(_) => {
+                self.original_gateway.get_character_inventory(char_id).await
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn get_character_bank(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, bank_name: &BankName) -> Result<BankEntity, GatewayError> {
+        match self.working_gateway.get_character_bank(char_id, bank_name).await {
+            Ok(bank) => Ok(bank),
+            Err(_) => {
+                self.original_gateway.get_character_bank(char_id, bank_name).await
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn set_character_inventory(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, inventory: &InventoryEntity) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        self.working_gateway.set_character_inventory(char_id, inventory).await
+    }
+
+    async fn set_character_bank(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, bank: &BankEntity, bank_name: &BankName) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        self.working_gateway.set_character_bank(char_id, bank, bank_name).await
+    }
+
+
+    async fn get_character_equips(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId) -> Result<EquippedEntity, GatewayError> {
+        match self.working_gateway.get_character_equips(char_id).await {
+            Ok(equips) => Ok(equips),
+            Err(_) => {
+                self.original_gateway.get_character_equips(char_id).await
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn set_character_equips(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, equipped: &EquippedEntity) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        self.working_gateway.set_character_equips(char_id, equipped).await
+    }
+
+    async fn set_character_meseta(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, meseta: Meseta) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        self.working_gateway.set_character_meseta(char_id, meseta).await
+    }
+
+    async fn get_character_meseta(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId) -> Result<Meseta, GatewayError> {
+        match self.working_gateway.get_character_meseta(char_id).await {
+            Ok(meseta) => Ok(meseta),
+            Err(_) => {
+                self.original_gateway.get_character_meseta(char_id).await
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn set_bank_meseta(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, bank: &BankName, meseta: Meseta) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        self.working_gateway.set_bank_meseta(char_id, bank, meseta).await
+    }
+
+    async fn get_bank_meseta(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, bank: &BankName) -> Result<Meseta, GatewayError> {
+        match self.working_gateway.get_bank_meseta(char_id, bank).await {
+            Ok(meseta) => Ok(meseta),
+            Err(_) => {
+                self.original_gateway.get_bank_meseta(char_id, bank).await
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn create_trade(&mut self, char_id1: &CharacterEntityId, char_id2: &CharacterEntityId) -> Result<TradeEntity, GatewayError> {
+        self.working_gateway.create_trade(char_id1, char_id2).await
+    }
+
+    async fn set_character_playtime(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, playtime: u32) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
+        copy_if_needed(&mut *self.working_gateway.characters.lock().await,
+                       &*self.original_gateway.characters.lock().await,
+                       *char_id
+        );
+        self.working_gateway.set_character_playtime(char_id, playtime).await
+    }
+}
+
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl<'a> EntityGatewayTransaction for InMemoryGatewayTransaction<'a> {
     fn gateway(&mut self) -> &mut dyn EntityGateway {
-        &mut self.working_gateway
+        self
     }
 
     async fn commit(mut self: Box<Self>) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
-        self.original_gateway.users.lock().unwrap().clear();
-        self.original_gateway.users.lock().unwrap().extend(self.working_gateway.users.lock().unwrap().clone());
-
-        self.original_gateway.user_settings.lock().unwrap().clear();
-        self.original_gateway.user_settings.lock().unwrap().extend(self.working_gateway.user_settings.lock().unwrap().clone());
-
-        self.original_gateway.characters.lock().unwrap().clear();
-        self.original_gateway.characters.lock().unwrap().extend(self.working_gateway.characters.lock().unwrap().clone());
-
-        self.original_gateway.character_meseta.lock().unwrap().clear();
-        self.original_gateway.character_meseta.lock().unwrap().extend(self.working_gateway.character_meseta.lock().unwrap().clone());
-
-        self.original_gateway.bank_meseta.lock().unwrap().clear();
-        self.original_gateway.bank_meseta.lock().unwrap().extend(self.working_gateway.bank_meseta.lock().unwrap().clone());
-
-        self.original_gateway.items.lock().unwrap().clear();
-        self.original_gateway.items.lock().unwrap().extend(self.working_gateway.items.lock().unwrap().clone());
-
-        self.original_gateway.inventories.lock().unwrap().clear();
-        self.original_gateway.inventories.lock().unwrap().extend(self.working_gateway.inventories.lock().unwrap().clone());
-
-        self.original_gateway.banks.lock().unwrap().clear();
-        self.original_gateway.banks.lock().unwrap().extend(self.working_gateway.banks.lock().unwrap().clone());
-
-        self.original_gateway.equips.lock().unwrap().clear();
-        self.original_gateway.equips.lock().unwrap().extend(self.working_gateway.equips.lock().unwrap().clone());
-
-        self.original_gateway.mag_modifiers.lock().unwrap().clear();
-        self.original_gateway.mag_modifiers.lock().unwrap().extend(self.working_gateway.mag_modifiers.lock().unwrap().clone());
-
-        self.original_gateway.weapon_modifiers.lock().unwrap().clear();
-        self.original_gateway.weapon_modifiers.lock().unwrap().extend(self.working_gateway.weapon_modifiers.lock().unwrap().clone());
-
-        self.original_gateway.trades.lock().unwrap().clear();
-        self.original_gateway.trades.lock().unwrap().extend(self.working_gateway.trades.lock().unwrap().clone());
+        self.original_gateway.users.lock().await.extend(self.working_gateway.users.lock().await.clone());
+        self.original_gateway.user_settings.lock().await.extend(self.working_gateway.user_settings.lock().await.clone());
+        self.original_gateway.characters.lock().await.extend(self.working_gateway.characters.lock().await.clone());
+        self.original_gateway.character_meseta.lock().await.extend(self.working_gateway.character_meseta.lock().await.clone());
+        self.original_gateway.bank_meseta.lock().await.extend(self.working_gateway.bank_meseta.lock().await.clone());
+        self.original_gateway.items.lock().await.extend(self.working_gateway.items.lock().await.clone());
+        self.original_gateway.inventories.lock().await.extend(self.working_gateway.inventories.lock().await.clone());
+        self.original_gateway.banks.lock().await.extend(self.working_gateway.banks.lock().await.clone());
+        self.original_gateway.equips.lock().await.extend(self.working_gateway.equips.lock().await.clone());
+        self.original_gateway.mag_modifiers.lock().await.extend(self.working_gateway.mag_modifiers.lock().await.clone());
+        self.original_gateway.weapon_modifiers.lock().await.extend(self.working_gateway.weapon_modifiers.lock().await.clone());
+        self.original_gateway.trades.lock().await.extend(self.working_gateway.trades.lock().await.clone());
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -98,60 +240,60 @@ impl Default for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 }
 
-impl InMemoryGateway {
-    fn apply_modifiers(&self, inventory: InventoryEntity ) -> InventoryEntity {
-        let items = self.items.lock().unwrap();
-        let inventory_items = inventory.items.into_iter()
-            .map(|item| {
-                item.map_individual(|mut item| {
-                    item.item = match item.item {
-                        ItemDetail::Weapon(mut weapon) => {
-                            if let Some(weapon_modifiers) = self.weapon_modifiers.lock().unwrap().get(&item.id) {
-                                for weapon_modifier in weapon_modifiers.iter() {
-                                    weapon.apply_modifier(weapon_modifier);
+fn apply_modifiers(items: &BTreeMap<ItemEntityId, ItemEntity>,
+                   weapon_modifiers: &BTreeMap<ItemEntityId, Vec<weapon::WeaponModifier>>,
+                   mag_modifiers: &BTreeMap<ItemEntityId, Vec<mag::MagModifier>>,
+                   inventory: InventoryEntity ) -> InventoryEntity {
+    let inventory_items = inventory.items.into_iter()
+        .map(|item| {
+            item.map_individual(|mut item| {
+                item.item = match item.item {
+                    ItemDetail::Weapon(mut weapon) => {
+                        if let Some(weapon_modifiers) = weapon_modifiers.get(&item.id) {
+                            for weapon_modifier in weapon_modifiers.iter() {
+                                weapon.apply_modifier(weapon_modifier);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ItemDetail::Weapon(weapon)
+                    },
+                    ItemDetail::Mag(mag) => {
+                        let mut mag = mag::Mag::baby_mag(mag.color as u16);
+                        if let Some(mag_modifiers) = mag_modifiers.get(&item.id) {
+                            for mag_modifier in mag_modifiers.iter() {
+                                match mag_modifier {
+                                    mag::MagModifier::FeedMag {food} => {
+                                        if let Some(mag_feed) = items.get(food) {
+                                            if let ItemDetail::Tool(mag_feed) = mag_feed.item {
+                                                mag.feed(mag_feed.tool)
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    },
+                                    mag::MagModifier::OwnerChange(class, section_id) => {
+                                        mag.change_owner(*class, *section_id)
+                                    },
+                                    mag::MagModifier::MagCell(mag_cell_id) => {
+                                        if let Some(mag_cell) = items.get(mag_cell_id) {
+                                            if let ItemDetail::Tool(mag_cell) = mag_cell.item {
+                                                mag.apply_mag_cell(mag_cell.tool.try_into().unwrap()).unwrap()
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    },
+                                    _ => {}
                                 }
                             }
-                            ItemDetail::Weapon(weapon)
-                        },
-                        ItemDetail::Mag(mag) => {
-                            let mut mag = mag::Mag::baby_mag(mag.color as u16);
-                            if let Some(mag_modifiers) = self.mag_modifiers.lock().unwrap().get(&item.id) {
-                                for mag_modifier in mag_modifiers.iter() {
-                                    match mag_modifier {
-                                        mag::MagModifier::FeedMag {food} => {
-                                            if let Some(mag_feed) = items.get(food) {
-                                                if let ItemDetail::Tool(mag_feed) = mag_feed.item {
-                                                    mag.feed(mag_feed.tool)
-                                                }
-                                            }
-                                        },
-                                        mag::MagModifier::OwnerChange(class, section_id) => {
-                                            mag.change_owner(*class, *section_id)
-                                        },
-                                        mag::MagModifier::MagCell(mag_cell_id) => {
-                                            if let Some(mag_cell) = items.get(mag_cell_id) {
-                                                if let ItemDetail::Tool(mag_cell) = mag_cell.item {
-                                                    mag.apply_mag_cell(mag_cell.tool.try_into().unwrap()).unwrap()
-                                                }
-                                            }
-                                        },
-                                        _ => {}
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                            ItemDetail::Mag(mag)
                         }
-                        _ => {
-                            item.item
-                        }
-                    };
+                        ItemDetail::Mag(mag)
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        item.item
+                    }
+                };
 
-                    item
-                })
+                item
             })
-            .collect();
-        InventoryEntity::new(inventory_items)
-    }
+        })
+        .collect();
+    InventoryEntity::new(inventory_items)
 }
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
@@ -159,18 +301,18 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     async fn transaction<'a>(&'a mut self) -> Result<Box<dyn EntityGatewayTransaction + 'a>, GatewayError>
     {
         let working_gateway = {
-            let users = self.users.lock().unwrap().clone();
-            let user_settings = self.user_settings.lock().unwrap().clone();
-            let characters = self.characters.lock().unwrap().clone();
-            let character_meseta = self.character_meseta.lock().unwrap().clone();
-            let bank_meseta = self.bank_meseta.lock().unwrap().clone();
-            let items = self.items.lock().unwrap().clone();
-            let inventories = self.inventories.lock().unwrap().clone();
-            let banks = self.banks.lock().unwrap().clone();
-            let equips = self.equips.lock().unwrap().clone();
-            let mag_modifiers = self.mag_modifiers.lock().unwrap().clone();
-            let weapon_modifiers = self.weapon_modifiers.lock().unwrap().clone();
-            let trades = self.trades.lock().unwrap().clone();
+            let users = self.users.lock().await.clone();
+            let user_settings = self.user_settings.lock().await.clone();
+            let characters = self.characters.lock().await.clone();
+            let character_meseta = self.character_meseta.lock().await.clone();
+            let bank_meseta = self.bank_meseta.lock().await.clone();
+            let items = self.items.lock().await.clone();
+            let inventories = self.inventories.lock().await.clone();
+            let banks = self.banks.lock().await.clone();
+            let equips = self.equips.lock().await.clone();
+            let mag_modifiers = self.mag_modifiers.lock().await.clone();
+            let weapon_modifiers = self.weapon_modifiers.lock().await.clone();
+            let trades = self.trades.lock().await.clone();
 
             InMemoryGateway {
                 users: Arc::new(Mutex::new(users)),
@@ -202,18 +344,18 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
         R: Send,
         E: From<GatewayError>,
     {
-        let users = self.users.lock().unwrap().clone();
-        let user_settings = self.user_settings.lock().unwrap().clone();
-        let characters = self.characters.lock().unwrap().clone();
-        let character_meseta = self.character_meseta.lock().unwrap().clone();
-        let bank_meseta = self.bank_meseta.lock().unwrap().clone();
-        let items = self.items.lock().unwrap().clone();
-        let inventories = self.inventories.lock().unwrap().clone();
-        let banks = self.banks.lock().unwrap().clone();
-        let equips = self.equips.lock().unwrap().clone();
-        let mag_modifiers = self.mag_modifiers.lock().unwrap().clone();
-        let weapon_modifiers = self.weapon_modifiers.lock().unwrap().clone();
-        let trades = self.trades.lock().unwrap().clone();
+        let users = self.users.lock().await.clone();
+        let user_settings = self.user_settings.lock().await.clone();
+        let characters = self.characters.lock().await.clone();
+        let character_meseta = self.character_meseta.lock().await.clone();
+        let bank_meseta = self.bank_meseta.lock().await.clone();
+        let items = self.items.lock().await.clone();
+        let inventories = self.inventories.lock().await.clone();
+        let banks = self.banks.lock().await.clone();
+        let equips = self.equips.lock().await.clone();
+        let mag_modifiers = self.mag_modifiers.lock().await.clone();
+        let weapon_modifiers = self.weapon_modifiers.lock().await.clone();
+        let trades = self.trades.lock().await.clone();
 
         let working_gateway = InMemoryGateway {
             users: Arc::new(Mutex::new(users)),
@@ -242,7 +384,7 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn create_user(&mut self, user: NewUserAccountEntity) -> Result<UserAccountEntity, GatewayError> {
-        let mut users = self.users.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut users = self.users.lock().await;
         let id = users
             .iter()
             .fold(0, |sum, (i, _)| std::cmp::max(sum, i.0))
@@ -267,12 +409,12 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn get_user_by_id(&mut self, id: UserAccountId) -> Result<UserAccountEntity, GatewayError> {
-        let users = self.users.lock().unwrap();
+        let users = self.users.lock().await;
         users.get(&id).cloned().ok_or(GatewayError::Error)
     }
 
     async fn get_user_by_name(&mut self, username: String) -> Result<UserAccountEntity, GatewayError> {
-        let users = self.users.lock().unwrap();
+        let users = self.users.lock().await;
         users
             .iter()
             .find(|(_, k)| k.username == username)
@@ -281,13 +423,13 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn save_user(&mut self, user: &UserAccountEntity) -> Result<(), GatewayError>  {
-        let mut users = self.users.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut users = self.users.lock().await;
         users.insert(user.id, user.clone());
         Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn create_user_settings(&mut self, settings: NewUserSettingsEntity) -> Result<UserSettingsEntity, GatewayError> {
-        let mut user_settings = self.user_settings.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut user_settings = self.user_settings.lock().await;
         let id = user_settings
             .iter()
             .fold(0, |sum, (i, _)| std::cmp::max(sum, i.0))
@@ -302,7 +444,7 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn get_user_settings_by_user(&mut self, user: &UserAccountEntity) -> Result<UserSettingsEntity, GatewayError> {
-        let user_settings = self.user_settings.lock().unwrap();
+        let user_settings = self.user_settings.lock().await;
         user_settings
             .iter()
             .find(|(_, k)| k.user_id == user.id)
@@ -311,7 +453,7 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn get_characters_by_user(&mut self, user: &UserAccountEntity) -> Result<[Option<CharacterEntity>; 4], GatewayError> {
-        let characters = self.characters.lock().unwrap();
+        let characters = self.characters.lock().await;
         const NONE: Option<CharacterEntity> = None;
         let mut chars = [NONE; 4];
         characters
@@ -322,7 +464,7 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn create_character(&mut self, character: NewCharacterEntity) -> Result<CharacterEntity, GatewayError> {
-        let mut characters = self.characters.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut characters = self.characters.lock().await;
         let id = characters
             .iter()
             .fold(0, |sum, (i, _)| std::cmp::max(sum, i.0))
@@ -353,7 +495,7 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn save_character(&mut self, char: &CharacterEntity) -> Result<(), GatewayError>  {
-        let mut characters = self.characters.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut characters = self.characters.lock().await;
         characters.insert(char.id, char.clone());
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -363,7 +505,7 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn create_item(&mut self, item: NewItemEntity) -> Result<ItemEntity, GatewayError> {
-        let mut items = self.items.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut items = self.items.lock().await;
         let id = items
             .iter()
             .fold(0, |sum, (i, _)| std::cmp::max(sum, i.0))
@@ -381,7 +523,7 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn feed_mag(&mut self, mag_item_id: &ItemEntityId, tool_item_id: &ItemEntityId) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
-        self.mag_modifiers.lock().unwrap()
+        self.mag_modifiers.lock().await
             .entry(*mag_item_id)
             .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
             .push(mag::MagModifier::FeedMag {
@@ -391,7 +533,7 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn change_mag_owner(&mut self, mag_item_id: &ItemEntityId, character: &CharacterEntity) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
-        self.mag_modifiers.lock().unwrap()
+        self.mag_modifiers.lock().await
             .entry(*mag_item_id)
             .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
             .push(mag::MagModifier::OwnerChange(character.char_class, character.section_id));
@@ -399,7 +541,7 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn use_mag_cell(&mut self, mag_item_id: &ItemEntityId, mag_cell_id: &ItemEntityId) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
-        self.mag_modifiers.lock().unwrap()
+        self.mag_modifiers.lock().await
             .entry(*mag_item_id)
             .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
             .push(mag::MagModifier::MagCell(*mag_cell_id));
@@ -407,7 +549,7 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn add_weapon_modifier(&mut self, item_id: &ItemEntityId, modifier: weapon::WeaponModifier) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
-        self.weapon_modifiers.lock().unwrap()
+        self.weapon_modifiers.lock().await
             .entry(*item_id)
             .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
             .push(modifier);
@@ -415,17 +557,20 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn get_character_inventory(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId) -> Result<InventoryEntity, GatewayError> {
-        let inventories = self.inventories.lock().unwrap();
+        let inventories = self.inventories.lock().await;
+        let items = self.items.lock().await;
+        let weapon_modifiers = self.weapon_modifiers.lock().await;
+        let mag_modifiers = self.mag_modifiers.lock().await;
         Ok(inventories
            .iter()
            .find(|(id, _)| **id == *char_id)
            .map(|(_, inv)| inv.clone())
-           .map(|inv| self.apply_modifiers(inv))
+           .map(|inv| apply_modifiers(&items, &weapon_modifiers, &mag_modifiers, inv))
            .unwrap_or_default())
     }
 
     async fn get_character_bank(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, _bank_name: &BankName) -> Result<BankEntity, GatewayError> {
-        let banks = self.banks.lock().unwrap();
+        let banks = self.banks.lock().await;
         Ok(banks
            .iter()
            .find(|(id, _)| **id == *char_id)
@@ -434,20 +579,20 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn set_character_inventory(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, inventory: &InventoryEntity) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
-        let mut inventories = self.inventories.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut inventories = self.inventories.lock().await;
         inventories.insert(*char_id, inventory.clone());
         Ok(())
     }
 
     // TOOD: impl bank name
     async fn set_character_bank(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, bank: &BankEntity, _bank_name: &BankName) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
-        let mut banks = self.banks.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut banks = self.banks.lock().await;
         banks.insert(*char_id, bank.clone());
         Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn get_character_equips(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId) -> Result<EquippedEntity, GatewayError> {
-        let equips = self.equips.lock().unwrap();
+        let equips = self.equips.lock().await;
         Ok(equips
             .iter()
             .find(|(id, _)| **id == *char_id)
@@ -456,19 +601,19 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn set_character_equips(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, equipped: &EquippedEntity) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
-        let mut equips = self.equips.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut equips = self.equips.lock().await;
         equips.insert(*char_id, equipped.clone());
         Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn set_character_meseta(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, meseta: Meseta) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
-        let mut character_meseta = self.character_meseta.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut character_meseta = self.character_meseta.lock().await;
         character_meseta.insert(*char_id, meseta);
         Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn get_character_meseta(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId) -> Result<Meseta, GatewayError> {
-        let mut character_meseta = self.character_meseta.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut character_meseta = self.character_meseta.lock().await;
         if let Some(meseta) = character_meseta.get_mut(char_id) {
             Ok(*meseta)
         }
@@ -478,13 +623,13 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn set_bank_meseta(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, bank: &BankName, meseta: Meseta) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
-        let mut bank_meseta = self.bank_meseta.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut bank_meseta = self.bank_meseta.lock().await;
         bank_meseta.insert((*char_id, bank.clone()), meseta);
         Ok(())
     }
 
     async fn get_bank_meseta(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, bank: &BankName) -> Result<Meseta, GatewayError> {
-        let mut bank_meseta = self.bank_meseta.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut bank_meseta = self.bank_meseta.lock().await;
         if let Some(meseta) = bank_meseta.get_mut(&(*char_id, bank.clone())) {
             Ok(*meseta)
         }
@@ -494,7 +639,7 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn create_trade(&mut self, char_id1: &CharacterEntityId, char_id2: &CharacterEntityId) -> Result<TradeEntity, GatewayError> {
-        let mut trades = self.trades.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut trades = self.trades.lock().await;
         let id = trades.len() as u32;
         let new_trade = TradeEntity {
             id: TradeId(id),
@@ -506,7 +651,7 @@ impl EntityGateway for InMemoryGateway {
     }
 
     async fn set_character_playtime(&mut self, char_id: &CharacterEntityId, playtime: u32) -> Result<(), GatewayError> {
-        let mut characters = self.characters.lock().unwrap();
+        let mut characters = self.characters.lock().await;
         if let Some(character) = characters.get_mut(char_id) {
             character.playtime = playtime;
             Ok(())
diff --git a/src/ship/packet/handler/auth.rs b/src/ship/packet/handler/auth.rs
index 50be751..e3ca60b 100644
--- a/src/ship/packet/handler/auth.rs
+++ b/src/ship/packet/handler/auth.rs
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ use crate::common::interserver::ShipMessage;
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub async fn validate_login<EG: EntityGateway>(id: ClientId,
                                                pkt: &Login,
-                                               entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                                               mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                                clients: &mut Clients,
                                                item_state: &mut ItemState,
                                                shipgate_sender: &Option<Box<dyn Fn(ShipMessage) + Send + Sync>>,
                                                ship_name: &str,
                                                num_blocks: usize)
                                          -> Result<Vec<SendShipPacket>, anyhow::Error> {
-    Ok(match get_login_status(entity_gateway, pkt).await {
+    Ok(match get_login_status(&mut entity_gateway, pkt).await {
         Ok(user) => {
             let mut response = LoginResponse::by_status(AccountStatus::Ok, Session::new());
             response.guildcard = user.id.0 as u32;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub async fn validate_login<EG: EntityGateway>(id: ClientId,
                 .clone();
             let settings = entity_gateway.get_user_settings_by_user(&user).await?;
 
-            item_state.load_character(entity_gateway, &character).await?;
+            item_state.load_character(&mut entity_gateway, &character).await?;
 
             if let Some(shipgate_sender) = shipgate_sender.as_ref() {
                 shipgate_sender(ShipMessage::AddUser(user.id));
diff --git a/src/ship/packet/handler/communication.rs b/src/ship/packet/handler/communication.rs
index 087913b..c8942ec 100644
--- a/src/ship/packet/handler/communication.rs
+++ b/src/ship/packet/handler/communication.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub fn request_infoboard(id: ClientId,
 pub async fn write_infoboard<EG: EntityGateway>(id: ClientId,
                                           new_infoboard: &WriteInfoboard,
                                           clients: &mut Clients,
-                                          entity_gateway: &mut EG)
+                                          mut entity_gateway: EG)
                        -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (ClientId, SendShipPacket)> + Send> {
     let client = clients.get_mut(&id).ok_or(ShipError::ClientNotFound(id)).unwrap();
     client.character.info_board.update_infoboard(new_infoboard);
diff --git a/src/ship/packet/handler/direct_message.rs b/src/ship/packet/handler/direct_message.rs
index 4861b7b..1e196d5 100644
--- a/src/ship/packet/handler/direct_message.rs
+++ b/src/ship/packet/handler/direct_message.rs
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pub fn guildcard_send(id: ClientId,
 
 pub async fn request_item<EG>(id: ClientId,
                               request_item: &RequestItem,
-                              entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                              mut entity_gateway: EG,
                               client_location: &ClientLocation,
                               clients: &mut Clients,
                               rooms: &mut Rooms,
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ where
             item: item_drop,
         };
         let client = clients.get_mut(&area_client.client).ok_or(ShipError::ClientNotFound(area_client.client))?;
-        let floor_item = enemy_drops_item(item_state, entity_gateway, client.character.id, item_drop).await?;
+        let floor_item = enemy_drops_item(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, client.character.id, item_drop).await?;
         let item_drop_msg = builder::message::item_drop(request_item.client, request_item.target, &floor_item)?;
 
         item_drop_packets.push((area_client.client, SendShipPacket::Message(Message::new(GameMessage::ItemDrop(item_drop_msg)))));
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ where
 
 pub async fn pickup_item<EG>(id: ClientId,
                              pickup_item: &PickupItem,
-                             entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                             mut entity_gateway: EG,
                              client_location: &ClientLocation,
                              clients: &mut Clients,
                              item_state: &mut ItemState)
@@ -133,30 +133,15 @@ where
     let room_id = client_location.get_room(id).map_err(|err| -> ClientLocationError { err.into() })?;
     let clients_in_area = client_location.get_clients_in_room(room_id).map_err(|err| -> ClientLocationError { err.into() })?;
 
-    // TODO: should not need to fetch the item here to construct this packet
-    //let (item, floor_type) = item_manager.get_floor_item_by_id(&client.character, ClientItemId(pickup_item.item_id))?;
-    /*
-    let (item, floor_type) = item_state.get_floor_item(&client.character, &ClientItemId(pickup_item.item_id))?;
-    let remove_item = builder::message::remove_item_from_floor(area_client, item)?;
-    let create_item = match item {
-        FloorItem::Individual(individual_floor_item) => Some(builder::message::create_individual_item(area_client, item.item_id(), &individual_floor_item.item)?),
-        FloorItem::Stacked(stacked_floor_item) => Some(builder::message::create_stacked_item(area_client, item.item_id(), &stacked_floor_item.tool, stacked_floor_item.count())?),
-        FloorItem::Meseta(_) => None,
-        //_ => Some(builder::message::create_item(area_client, &item)?),
-    };
-     */
-
     let (item, floor_type) = item_state.get_floor_item(&client.character.id, &ClientItemId(pickup_item.item_id))?;
     let remove_item = builder::message::remove_item_from_floor(area_client, item)?;
     let create_item = match &item.item {
         FloorItemDetail::Individual(individual_floor_item) => Some(builder::message::create_individual_item(area_client, item.item_id, individual_floor_item)?),
         FloorItemDetail::Stacked(stacked_floor_item) => Some(builder::message::create_stacked_item(area_client, item.item_id, &stacked_floor_item.tool, stacked_floor_item.count())?),
         FloorItemDetail::Meseta(_) => None,
-        //_ => Some(builder::message::create_item(area_client, &item)?),
     };
 
-    //match item_manager.character_picks_up_item(entity_gateway, &mut client.character, ClientItemId(pickup_item.item_id)).await {
-    match pick_up_item(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, &ClientItemId(pickup_item.item_id)).await {
+    match pick_up_item(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, &ClientItemId(pickup_item.item_id)).await {
         Ok(trigger_create_item) => {
             let remove_packets: Box<dyn Iterator<Item=(ClientId, SendShipPacket)> + Send> = match floor_type {
                 FloorType::Local => {
@@ -189,7 +174,7 @@ where
 
 pub async fn request_box_item<EG>(id: ClientId,
     box_drop_request: &BoxDropRequest,
-    entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+    mut entity_gateway: EG,
     client_location: &ClientLocation,
     clients: &mut Clients,
     rooms: &mut Rooms,
@@ -228,7 +213,7 @@ EG: EntityGateway
             item: item_drop,
         };
         let client = clients.get_mut(&area_client.client).ok_or(ShipError::ClientNotFound(area_client.client))?;
-        let floor_item = enemy_drops_item(item_state, entity_gateway, client.character.id, item_drop).await?;
+        let floor_item = enemy_drops_item(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, client.character.id, item_drop).await?;
         let item_drop_msg = builder::message::item_drop(box_drop_request.client, box_drop_request.target, &floor_item)?;
         item_drop_packets.push((area_client.client, SendShipPacket::Message(Message::new(GameMessage::ItemDrop(item_drop_msg)))))
     }
@@ -251,7 +236,7 @@ pub async fn send_bank_list(id: ClientId,
 
 pub async fn bank_interaction<EG>(id: ClientId,
                                   bank_interaction: &BankInteraction,
-                                  entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                                  mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                   client_location: &ClientLocation,
                                   clients: &mut Clients,
                                   item_state: &mut ItemState)
@@ -265,22 +250,22 @@ where
     let bank_action_pkts = match bank_interaction.action {
         BANK_ACTION_DEPOSIT => {
             if bank_interaction.item_id == 0xFFFFFFFF {
-                deposit_meseta(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, bank_interaction.meseta_amount).await?;
+                deposit_meseta(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, bank_interaction.meseta_amount).await?;
                 Vec::new()
             }
             else {
-                deposit_item(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, &ClientItemId(bank_interaction.item_id), bank_interaction.item_amount as u32).await?;
+                deposit_item(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, &ClientItemId(bank_interaction.item_id), bank_interaction.item_amount as u32).await?;
                 let player_no_longer_has_item = builder::message::player_no_longer_has_item(area_client, ClientItemId(bank_interaction.item_id), bank_interaction.item_amount as u32);
                 vec![SendShipPacket::Message(Message::new(GameMessage::PlayerNoLongerHasItem(player_no_longer_has_item)))]
             }
         },
         BANK_ACTION_WITHDRAW => {
             if bank_interaction.item_id == 0xFFFFFFFF {
-                withdraw_meseta(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, bank_interaction.meseta_amount).await?;
+                withdraw_meseta(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, bank_interaction.meseta_amount).await?;
                 Vec::new()
             }
             else {
-                let item_added_to_inventory = withdraw_item(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, &ClientItemId(bank_interaction.item_id), bank_interaction.item_amount as u32).await?;
+                let item_added_to_inventory = withdraw_item(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, &ClientItemId(bank_interaction.item_id), bank_interaction.item_amount as u32).await?;
                 let item_created = builder::message::create_withdrawn_inventory_item2(area_client, &item_added_to_inventory)?;
                 vec![SendShipPacket::Message(Message::new(GameMessage::CreateItem(item_created)))]
             }
@@ -342,7 +327,7 @@ pub async fn shop_request(id: ClientId,
 
 pub async fn buy_item<EG>(id: ClientId,
                           buy_item: &BuyItem,
-                          entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                          mut entity_gateway: EG,
                           client_location: &ClientLocation,
                           clients: &mut Clients,
                           item_state: &mut ItemState)
@@ -372,7 +357,7 @@ where
         }
     };
 
-    let inventory_item = buy_shop_item(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, item, ClientItemId(buy_item.item_id), buy_item.amount as u32).await?;
+    let inventory_item = buy_shop_item(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, item, ClientItemId(buy_item.item_id), buy_item.amount as u32).await?;
     let create = builder::message::create_withdrawn_inventory_item(area_client, &inventory_item)?;
 
     if remove {
@@ -407,7 +392,7 @@ const TEK_PERCENT_MODIFIER: [item::weapon::TekPercentModifier; 5] = [item::weapo
 
 pub async fn request_tek_item<EG>(id: ClientId,
                                   tek_request: &TekRequest,
-                                  entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                                  mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                   clients: &mut Clients,
                                   item_state: &mut ItemState)
                                   -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (ClientId, SendShipPacket)> + Send>, anyhow::Error>
@@ -441,7 +426,7 @@ where
         grind: grind_mod,
     });
 
-    take_meseta(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character.id, item::Meseta(100)).await?;
+    take_meseta(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character.id, item::Meseta(100)).await?;
 
     let preview_pkt = builder::message::tek_preview(ClientItemId(tek_request.item_id), &weapon)?;
 
@@ -450,7 +435,7 @@ where
 
 pub async fn accept_tek_item<EG>(id: ClientId,
                                  tek_accept: &TekAccept,
-                                 entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                                 mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                  client_location: &ClientLocation,
                                  clients: &mut Clients,
                                  item_state: &mut ItemState)
@@ -471,7 +456,7 @@ where
             percent: percent_mod,
             grind: grind_mod,
         };
-        let weapon = apply_modifier(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, item_id, item::ItemModifier::WeaponModifier(modifier)).await?;
+        let weapon = apply_modifier(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, item_id, item::ItemModifier::WeaponModifier(modifier)).await?;
 
         let create_item_pkt = builder::message::create_individual_item(area_client, item_id, &weapon)?;
 
diff --git a/src/ship/packet/handler/lobby.rs b/src/ship/packet/handler/lobby.rs
index 2e1625c..fcbff40 100644
--- a/src/ship/packet/handler/lobby.rs
+++ b/src/ship/packet/handler/lobby.rs
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ pub async fn change_lobby<EG: EntityGateway>(id: ClientId,
                                              item_state: &mut ItemState,
                                              level_table: &CharacterLevelTable,
                                              ship_rooms: &mut Rooms,
-                                             entity_gateway: &mut EG)
+                                             mut entity_gateway: EG)
                                              -> Result<Vec<(ClientId, SendShipPacket)>, anyhow::Error> {
     let client = clients.get(&id).ok_or(ShipError::ClientNotFound(id))?;
     let prev_area = client_location.get_area(id).map_err(|err| -> ClientLocationError {err.into()})?;
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ pub async fn change_lobby<EG: EntityGateway>(id: ClientId,
             }
         }
     }
-    item_state.load_character(entity_gateway, &client.character).await?;
+    item_state.load_character(&mut entity_gateway, &client.character).await?;
     let join_lobby = packet::builder::lobby::join_lobby(id, lobby, client_location, clients, item_state, level_table)?;
     let addto = packet::builder::lobby::add_to_lobby(id, lobby, client_location, clients, item_state, level_table)?;
     let neighbors = client_location.get_client_neighbors(id).unwrap();
diff --git a/src/ship/packet/handler/message.rs b/src/ship/packet/handler/message.rs
index d0d4f44..456ed7d 100644
--- a/src/ship/packet/handler/message.rs
+++ b/src/ship/packet/handler/message.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use crate::ship::items::tasks::{drop_item, drop_partial_item, drop_meseta, equip
 
 pub async fn request_exp<EG: EntityGateway>(id: ClientId,
                                             request_exp: &RequestExp,
-                                            entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                                            mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                             client_location: &ClientLocation,
                                             clients: &mut Clients,
                                             rooms: &mut Rooms,
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ pub async fn request_exp<EG: EntityGateway>(id: ClientId,
 
 pub async fn player_drop_item<EG>(id: ClientId,
                                   player_drop_item: &PlayerDropItem,
-                                  entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                                  mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                   client_location: &ClientLocation,
                                   clients: &mut Clients,
                                   rooms: &mut Rooms,
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ where
         .as_mut()
         .ok_or(ShipError::InvalidRoom(room_id.0 as u32))?;
     let area = room.map_areas.get_area_map(player_drop_item.map_area)?;
-    drop_item(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, &ClientItemId(player_drop_item.item_id), *area, (player_drop_item.x, player_drop_item.y, player_drop_item.z)).await?;
+    drop_item(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, &ClientItemId(player_drop_item.item_id), *area, (player_drop_item.x, player_drop_item.y, player_drop_item.z)).await?;
     let clients_in_area = client_location.get_clients_in_room(room_id).map_err(|err| -> ClientLocationError { err.into() })?;
     let pdi = player_drop_item.clone();
     Ok(Box::new(clients_in_area.into_iter()
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ pub fn drop_coordinates(id: ClientId,
 
 pub async fn no_longer_has_item<EG>(id: ClientId,
                                     no_longer_has_item: &PlayerNoLongerHasItem,
-                                    entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                                    mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                     client_location: &ClientLocation,
                                     clients: &mut Clients,
                                     item_state: &mut ItemState)
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ where
         }
 
         if no_longer_has_item.item_id == 0xFFFFFFFF {
-            let dropped_meseta = drop_meseta(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, drop_location.map_area, (drop_location.x, drop_location.z), no_longer_has_item.amount).await?;
+            let dropped_meseta = drop_meseta(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, drop_location.map_area, (drop_location.x, drop_location.z), no_longer_has_item.amount).await?;
 
             let dropped_meseta_pkt = builder::message::drop_split_meseta_stack(area_client, &dropped_meseta)?;
             let no_longer_has_meseta_pkt = builder::message::player_no_longer_has_meseta(area_client, no_longer_has_item.amount as u32);
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ where
             ))
         }
         else {
-            let dropped_item = drop_partial_item(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, &drop_location.item_id, drop_location.map_area, (drop_location.x, drop_location.z), no_longer_has_item.amount).await?;
+            let dropped_item = drop_partial_item(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, &drop_location.item_id, drop_location.map_area, (drop_location.x, drop_location.z), no_longer_has_item.amount).await?;
 
             let dropped_item_pkt = builder::message::drop_split_stack(area_client, &dropped_item)?;
             client.item_drop_location = None;
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ pub fn update_player_position(id: ClientId,
 
 pub async fn charge_attack<EG>(id: ClientId,
                                charge: &ChargeAttack,
-                               entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                               mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                client_location: &ClientLocation,
                                clients: &mut Clients,
                                item_state: &mut ItemState)
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ where
     let client = clients.get_mut(&id).ok_or(ShipError::ClientNotFound(id))?;
 
     // TODO: should probably validate this to be a legit number, I'd just hardcode 200 but vjaya
-    take_meseta(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character.id, Meseta(charge.meseta)).await?;
+    take_meseta(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character.id, Meseta(charge.meseta)).await?;
 
     let charge = charge.clone();
     Ok(Box::new(client_location.get_client_neighbors(id).unwrap().into_iter()
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ where
 
 pub async fn player_uses_item<EG>(id: ClientId,
                           player_use_tool: &PlayerUseItem,
-                          entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                          mut entity_gateway: EG,
                           _client_location: &ClientLocation,
                           clients: &mut Clients,
                           item_state: &mut ItemState)
@@ -290,13 +290,13 @@ where
     EG: EntityGateway
 {
     let client = clients.get_mut(&id).ok_or(ShipError::ClientNotFound(id))?;
-    use_item(item_state, entity_gateway, &mut client.character, &ClientItemId(player_use_tool.item_id), 1).await?;
+    use_item(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &mut client.character, &ClientItemId(player_use_tool.item_id), 1).await?;
     Ok(Box::new(None.into_iter())) // TODO: should probably tell other players we used an item
 }
 
 pub async fn player_used_medical_center<EG>(id: ClientId,
                                             pumc: &PlayerUsedMedicalCenter,
-                                            entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                                            mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                             client_location: &ClientLocation,
                                             clients: &mut Clients,
                                             item_state: &mut ItemState)
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ where
 {
     let client = clients.get_mut(&id).ok_or(ShipError::ClientNotFound(id))?;
 
-    take_meseta(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character.id, Meseta(10)).await?;
+    take_meseta(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character.id, Meseta(10)).await?;
 
     let pumc = pumc.clone();
     Ok(Box::new(client_location.get_client_neighbors(id).unwrap().into_iter()
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ where
 
 pub async fn player_feed_mag<EG>(id: ClientId,
                                  mag_feed: &PlayerFeedMag,
-                                 entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                                 mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                  client_location: &ClientLocation,
                                  clients: &Clients,
                                  item_state: &mut ItemState)
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ where
     EG: EntityGateway
 {
     let client = clients.get(&id).ok_or(ShipError::ClientNotFound(id))?;
-    feed_mag(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, &ClientItemId(mag_feed.mag_id), &ClientItemId(mag_feed.item_id)).await?;
+    feed_mag(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, &ClientItemId(mag_feed.mag_id), &ClientItemId(mag_feed.item_id)).await?;
 
     let mag_feed = mag_feed.clone();
     Ok(Box::new(client_location.get_client_neighbors(id).unwrap().into_iter()
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ where
 
 pub async fn player_equips_item<EG>(id: ClientId,
                                     pkt: &PlayerEquipItem,
-                                    entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                                    mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                     clients: &Clients,
                                     item_state: &mut ItemState)
                                     -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (ClientId, SendShipPacket)> + Send>, anyhow::Error>
@@ -352,13 +352,13 @@ where
     else {
         0
     };
-    equip_item(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, &ClientItemId(pkt.item_id), equip_slot).await?;
+    equip_item(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, &ClientItemId(pkt.item_id), equip_slot).await?;
     Ok(Box::new(None.into_iter())) // TODO: tell other players you equipped an item
 }
 
 pub async fn player_unequips_item<EG>(id: ClientId,
                                     pkt: &PlayerUnequipItem,
-                                    entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                                    mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                     clients: &Clients,
                                     item_state: &mut ItemState)
                                     -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (ClientId, SendShipPacket)> + Send>, anyhow::Error>
@@ -366,13 +366,13 @@ where
     EG: EntityGateway
 {
     let client = clients.get(&id).ok_or(ShipError::ClientNotFound(id))?;
-    unequip_item(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, &ClientItemId(pkt.item_id)).await?;
+    unequip_item(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, &ClientItemId(pkt.item_id)).await?;
     Ok(Box::new(None.into_iter())) // TODO: tell other players if you unequip an item
 }
 
 pub async fn player_sorts_items<EG>(id: ClientId,
                                     pkt: &SortItems,
-                                    entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                                    mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                     clients: &Clients,
                                     item_state: &mut ItemState)
                                     -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (ClientId, SendShipPacket)> + Send>, anyhow::Error>
@@ -391,13 +391,13 @@ where
             }
         })
         .collect();
-    sort_inventory(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, item_ids).await?;
+    sort_inventory(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, item_ids).await?;
     Ok(Box::new(None.into_iter())) // TODO: clients probably care about each others item orders
 }
 
 pub async fn player_sells_item<EG> (id: ClientId,
                                     sold_item: &PlayerSoldItem,
-                                    entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                                    mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                     clients: &mut Clients,
                                     item_state: &mut ItemState)
                                     -> Result<Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (ClientId, SendShipPacket)> + Send>, anyhow::Error>
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ where
     EG: EntityGateway
 {
     let client = clients.get_mut(&id).ok_or(ShipError::ClientNotFound(id))?;
-    sell_item(item_state, entity_gateway, &client.character, ClientItemId(sold_item.item_id), sold_item.amount as u32).await?;
+    sell_item(item_state, &mut entity_gateway, &client.character, ClientItemId(sold_item.item_id), sold_item.amount as u32).await?;
     // TODO: send the packet to other clients
     Ok(Box::new(None.into_iter()))
 }
diff --git a/src/ship/packet/handler/settings.rs b/src/ship/packet/handler/settings.rs
index 17d0d64..52b0e8f 100644
--- a/src/ship/packet/handler/settings.rs
+++ b/src/ship/packet/handler/settings.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::entity::gateway::EntityGateway;
 pub async fn update_config<EG: EntityGateway>(id: ClientId,
                                         update_config: &UpdateConfig,
                                         clients: &mut Clients,
-                                        entity_gateway: &mut EG)
+                                        mut entity_gateway: EG)
                                         -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (ClientId, SendShipPacket)> + Send> {
     let client = clients.get_mut(&id).ok_or(ShipError::ClientNotFound(id)).unwrap();
     client.character.config.update(update_config);
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub async fn update_config<EG: EntityGateway>(id: ClientId,
 pub async fn save_options<EG: EntityGateway>(id: ClientId,
                                             save_options: &SaveOptions,
                                             clients: &mut Clients,
-                                            entity_gateway: &mut EG)
+                                            mut entity_gateway: EG)
                                             -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (ClientId, SendShipPacket)> + Send> {
     // TODO: don't unwrap?
     let client = clients.get_mut(&id).ok_or(ShipError::ClientNotFound(id)).unwrap();
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ pub async fn save_options<EG: EntityGateway>(id: ClientId,
 pub async fn keyboard_config<EG: EntityGateway>(id: ClientId,
                                                 keyboard_config: &KeyboardConfig,
                                                 clients: &mut Clients,
-                                                entity_gateway: &mut EG)
+                                                mut entity_gateway: EG)
                                                 -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (ClientId, SendShipPacket)> + Send> {
     let client = clients.get_mut(&id).ok_or(ShipError::ClientNotFound(id)).unwrap();
     client.character.keyboard_config.update(keyboard_config);
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ pub async fn keyboard_config<EG: EntityGateway>(id: ClientId,
 pub async fn gamepad_config<EG: EntityGateway>(id: ClientId,
                                                 gamepad_config: &GamepadConfig,
                                                 clients: &mut Clients,
-                                                entity_gateway: &mut EG)
+                                                mut entity_gateway: EG)
                                                 -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = (ClientId, SendShipPacket)> + Send> {
     let client = clients.get_mut(&id).ok_or(ShipError::ClientNotFound(id)).unwrap();
     client.character.gamepad_config.update(gamepad_config);
     entity_gateway.save_character(&client.character).await.unwrap();
     Box::new(None.into_iter())
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/src/ship/packet/handler/trade.rs b/src/ship/packet/handler/trade.rs
index 7b01ed6..465b76d 100644
--- a/src/ship/packet/handler/trade.rs
+++ b/src/ship/packet/handler/trade.rs
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ pub async fn items_to_trade(id: ClientId,
 }
 
 pub async fn trade_confirmed<EG>(id: ClientId,
-                                 entity_gateway: &mut EG,
+                                 mut entity_gateway: EG,
                                  client_location: &ClientLocation,
                                  clients: &mut Clients,
                                  item_state: &mut ItemState,
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ where
                         });
 
                     let (this_new_items, other_new_items) = trade_items(item_state,
-                                                                        entity_gateway,
+                                                                        &mut entity_gateway,
                                                                         (&this_local_client, &this_client.character, &this.items, Meseta(this.meseta as u32)),
                                                                         (&other_local_client, &other_client.character, &other.items, Meseta(other.meseta as u32))).await?;
 
diff --git a/src/ship/ship.rs b/src/ship/ship.rs
index 754ea7c..42bd0e5 100644
--- a/src/ship/ship.rs
+++ b/src/ship/ship.rs
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ impl Default for ItemShops {
 }
 
 
-pub struct ShipServerStateBuilder<EG: EntityGateway> {
+pub struct ShipServerStateBuilder<EG: EntityGateway + Clone> {
     entity_gateway: Option<EG>,
     name: Option<String>,
     ip: Option<Ipv4Addr>,
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ pub struct ShipServerStateBuilder<EG: EntityGateway> {
     num_blocks: usize,
 }
 
-impl<EG: EntityGateway> Default for ShipServerStateBuilder<EG> {
+impl<EG: EntityGateway + Clone> Default for ShipServerStateBuilder<EG> {
     fn default() -> ShipServerStateBuilder<EG> {
         ShipServerStateBuilder {
             entity_gateway: None,
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ impl<EG: EntityGateway> Default for ShipServerStateBuilder<EG> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<EG: EntityGateway> ShipServerStateBuilder<EG> {
+impl<EG: EntityGateway + Clone> ShipServerStateBuilder<EG> {
     #[must_use]
     pub fn gateway(mut self, entity_gateway: EG) -> ShipServerStateBuilder<EG> {
         self.entity_gateway = Some(entity_gateway);
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ impl Blocks {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct ShipServerState<EG: EntityGateway> {
+pub struct ShipServerState<EG: EntityGateway + Clone> {
     entity_gateway: EG,
     pub clients: Clients,
     level_table: CharacterLevelTable,
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ pub struct ShipServerState<EG: EntityGateway> {
     trades: TradeState,
 }
 
-impl<EG: EntityGateway> ShipServerState<EG> {
+impl<EG: EntityGateway + Clone> ShipServerState<EG> {
     pub fn builder() -> ShipServerStateBuilder<EG> {
         ShipServerStateBuilder::default()
     }
@@ -509,11 +509,11 @@ impl<EG: EntityGateway> ShipServerState<EG> {
         Ok(match &msg.msg {
             GameMessage::RequestExp(request_exp) => {
                 let block = self.blocks.with_client(id, &self.clients)?;
-                handler::message::request_exp(id, request_exp, &mut self.entity_gateway, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut block.rooms, &self.level_table).await?
+                handler::message::request_exp(id, request_exp, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut block.rooms, &self.level_table).await?
             },
             GameMessage::PlayerDropItem(player_drop_item) => {
                 let block = self.blocks.with_client(id, &self.clients)?;
-                handler::message::player_drop_item(id, player_drop_item, &mut self.entity_gateway, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut block.rooms, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::message::player_drop_item(id, player_drop_item, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut block.rooms, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::DropCoordinates(drop_coordinates) => {
                 let block = self.blocks.with_client(id, &self.clients)?;
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ impl<EG: EntityGateway> ShipServerState<EG> {
             },
             GameMessage::PlayerNoLongerHasItem(no_longer_has_item) => {
                 let block = self.blocks.with_client(id, &self.clients)?;
-                handler::message::no_longer_has_item(id, no_longer_has_item, &mut self.entity_gateway, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::message::no_longer_has_item(id, no_longer_has_item, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::PlayerChangedMap(_) | GameMessage::PlayerChangedMap2(_) | GameMessage::TellOtherPlayerMyLocation(_) | 
             GameMessage::PlayerWarpingToFloor(_) | GameMessage::PlayerTeleported(_) | GameMessage::PlayerStopped(_) | 
@@ -532,31 +532,31 @@ impl<EG: EntityGateway> ShipServerState<EG> {
             },
             GameMessage::ChargeAttack(charge_attack) => {
                 let block = self.blocks.with_client(id, &self.clients)?;
-                handler::message::charge_attack(id, charge_attack, &mut self.entity_gateway, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::message::charge_attack(id, charge_attack, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::PlayerUseItem(player_use_item) => {
                 let block = self.blocks.with_client(id, &self.clients)?;
-                handler::message::player_uses_item(id, player_use_item, &mut self.entity_gateway, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::message::player_uses_item(id, player_use_item, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::PlayerUsedMedicalCenter(player_used_medical_center) => {
                 let block = self.blocks.with_client(id, &self.clients)?;
-                handler::message::player_used_medical_center(id, player_used_medical_center, &mut self.entity_gateway, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::message::player_used_medical_center(id, player_used_medical_center, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::PlayerFeedMag(player_feed_mag) => {
                 let block = self.blocks.with_client(id, &self.clients)?;
-                handler::message::player_feed_mag(id, player_feed_mag, &mut self.entity_gateway, &block.client_location, &self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::message::player_feed_mag(id, player_feed_mag, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &block.client_location, &self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::PlayerEquipItem(player_equip_item) => {
-                handler::message::player_equips_item(id, player_equip_item, &mut self.entity_gateway, &self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::message::player_equips_item(id, player_equip_item, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::PlayerUnequipItem(player_unequip_item) => {
-                handler::message::player_unequips_item(id, player_unequip_item, &mut self.entity_gateway, &self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::message::player_unequips_item(id, player_unequip_item, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::SortItems(sort_items) => {
-                handler::message::player_sorts_items(id, sort_items, &mut self.entity_gateway, &self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::message::player_sorts_items(id, sort_items, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::PlayerSoldItem(player_sold_item) => {
-                handler::message::player_sells_item(id, player_sold_item, &mut self.entity_gateway, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::message::player_sells_item(id, player_sold_item, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             _ => {
                 let cmsg = msg.clone();
@@ -577,31 +577,31 @@ impl<EG: EntityGateway> ShipServerState<EG> {
                 handler::direct_message::guildcard_send(id, guildcard_send, target, &block.client_location, &self.clients)
             },
             GameMessage::RequestItem(request_item) => {
-                handler::direct_message::request_item(id, request_item, &mut self.entity_gateway, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut block.rooms, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::direct_message::request_item(id, request_item, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut block.rooms, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::PickupItem(pickup_item) => {
-                handler::direct_message::pickup_item(id, pickup_item, &mut self.entity_gateway, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::direct_message::pickup_item(id, pickup_item, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::BoxDropRequest(box_drop_request) => {
-                handler::direct_message::request_box_item(id, box_drop_request, &mut self.entity_gateway, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut block.rooms, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::direct_message::request_box_item(id, box_drop_request, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut block.rooms, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::BankRequest(_bank_request) => {
                 handler::direct_message::send_bank_list(id, &self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::BankInteraction(bank_interaction) => {
-                handler::direct_message::bank_interaction(id, bank_interaction, &mut self.entity_gateway, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::direct_message::bank_interaction(id, bank_interaction, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::ShopRequest(shop_request) => {
                 handler::direct_message::shop_request(id, shop_request, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &block.rooms, &self.level_table, &mut self.shops).await?
             },
             GameMessage::BuyItem(buy_item) => {
-                handler::direct_message::buy_item(id, buy_item, &mut self.entity_gateway, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::direct_message::buy_item(id, buy_item, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::TekRequest(tek_request) => {
-                handler::direct_message::request_tek_item(id, tek_request, &mut self.entity_gateway, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::direct_message::request_tek_item(id, tek_request, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::TekAccept(tek_accept) => {
-                handler::direct_message::accept_tek_item(id, tek_accept, &mut self.entity_gateway, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
+                handler::direct_message::accept_tek_item(id, tek_accept, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state).await?
             },
             GameMessage::TradeRequest(trade_request) => {
                 handler::trade::trade_request(id, trade_request, target, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state, &mut self.trades).await?
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ impl<EG: EntityGateway> ShipServerState<EG> {
 }
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<EG: EntityGateway> ServerState for ShipServerState<EG> {
+impl<EG: EntityGateway + Clone> ServerState for ShipServerState<EG> {
     type SendPacket = SendShipPacket;
     type RecvPacket = RecvShipPacket;
     type PacketError = anyhow::Error;
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ impl<EG: EntityGateway> ServerState for ShipServerState<EG> {
 
         Ok(match pkt {
             RecvShipPacket::Login(login) => {
-                Box::new(handler::auth::validate_login(id, login, &mut self.entity_gateway, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state, &self.shipgate_sender, &self.name, self.blocks.0.len())
+                Box::new(handler::auth::validate_login(id, login, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state, &self.shipgate_sender, &self.name, self.blocks.0.len())
                          .await?.into_iter().map(move |pkt| (id, pkt)))
             },
             RecvShipPacket::QuestDetailRequest(questdetailrequest) => {
@@ -721,14 +721,14 @@ impl<EG: EntityGateway> ServerState for ShipServerState<EG> {
                 handler::room::room_name_request(id, &block.client_location, &block.rooms)
             },
             RecvShipPacket::UpdateConfig(pkt) => {
-                handler::settings::update_config(id, pkt, &mut self.clients, &mut self.entity_gateway).await
+                handler::settings::update_config(id, pkt, &mut self.clients, self.entity_gateway.clone()).await
             },
             RecvShipPacket::ViewInfoboardRequest(_pkt) => {
                 let block = self.blocks.with_client(id, &self.clients)?;
                 handler::communication::request_infoboard(id, &block.client_location, &self.clients)
             },
             RecvShipPacket::WriteInfoboard(pkt) => {
-                handler::communication::write_infoboard(id, pkt, &mut self.clients, &mut self.entity_gateway).await
+                handler::communication::write_infoboard(id, pkt, &mut self.clients, self.entity_gateway.clone()).await
             },
             RecvShipPacket::RoomListRequest(_req) => {
                 let block = self.blocks.with_client(id, &self.clients)?;
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ impl<EG: EntityGateway> ServerState for ShipServerState<EG> {
             },
             RecvShipPacket::LobbySelect(pkt) => {
                 let block = self.blocks.with_client(id, &self.clients)?;
-                Box::new(handler::lobby::change_lobby(id, pkt.lobby, &mut block.client_location, &self.clients, &mut self.item_state, &self.level_table, &mut block.rooms, &mut self.entity_gateway).await?.into_iter())
+                Box::new(handler::lobby::change_lobby(id, pkt.lobby, &mut block.client_location, &self.clients, &mut self.item_state, &self.level_table, &mut block.rooms, self.entity_gateway.clone()).await?.into_iter())
             },
             RecvShipPacket::RequestQuestList(rql) => {
                 let block = self.blocks.with_client(id, &self.clients)?;
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ impl<EG: EntityGateway> ServerState for ShipServerState<EG> {
                 Box::new(None.into_iter())
             },
             RecvShipPacket::SaveOptions(save_options) => {
-                handler::settings::save_options(id, save_options, &mut self.clients, &mut self.entity_gateway).await
+                handler::settings::save_options(id, save_options, &mut self.clients, self.entity_gateway.clone()).await
             },
             RecvShipPacket::RequestShipList(_) => {
                 handler::ship::ship_list(id, &self.ship_list)
@@ -788,13 +788,13 @@ impl<EG: EntityGateway> ServerState for ShipServerState<EG> {
             },
             RecvShipPacket::TradeConfirmed(_) => {
                 let block = self.blocks.with_client(id, &self.clients)?;
-                handler::trade::trade_confirmed(id, &mut self.entity_gateway, &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state, &mut self.trades).await?
+                handler::trade::trade_confirmed(id, self.entity_gateway.clone(), &block.client_location, &mut self.clients, &mut self.item_state, &mut self.trades).await?
             },
             RecvShipPacket::KeyboardConfig(keyboard_config) => {
-                handler::settings::keyboard_config(id, keyboard_config, &mut self.clients, &mut self.entity_gateway).await
+                handler::settings::keyboard_config(id, keyboard_config, &mut self.clients, self.entity_gateway.clone()).await
             },
             RecvShipPacket::GamepadConfig(gamepad_config) => {
-                handler::settings::gamepad_config(id, gamepad_config, &mut self.clients, &mut self.entity_gateway).await
+                handler::settings::gamepad_config(id, gamepad_config, &mut self.clients, self.entity_gateway.clone()).await
             },
         })
     }
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ impl<EG: EntityGateway> ServerState for ShipServerState<EG> {
 
 
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
-impl<EG: EntityGateway> InterserverActor for ShipServerState<EG> {
+impl<EG: EntityGateway + Clone> InterserverActor for ShipServerState<EG> {
     type SendMessage = ShipMessage;
     type RecvMessage = LoginMessage;
     type Error = ();
diff --git a/tests/common.rs b/tests/common.rs
index cf958c8..0243945 100644
--- a/tests/common.rs
+++ b/tests/common.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use libpso::packet::login::{Login, Session};
 use libpso::{utf8_to_array, utf8_to_utf16_array};
 
 
-pub async fn new_user_character<EG: EntityGateway>(entity_gateway: &mut EG, username: &str, password: &str, kb_conf_preset: usize) -> (UserAccountEntity, CharacterEntity) {
+pub async fn new_user_character<EG: EntityGateway + Clone>(entity_gateway: &mut EG, username: &str, password: &str, kb_conf_preset: usize) -> (UserAccountEntity, CharacterEntity) {
     let new_user = NewUserAccountEntity {
         email: format!("{}@pso.com", username),
         username: username.into(),
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub async fn new_user_character<EG: EntityGateway>(entity_gateway: &mut EG, user
     (user, character)
 }
 
-pub async fn log_in_char<EG: EntityGateway>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, id: ClientId, username: &str, password: &str) {
+pub async fn log_in_char<EG: EntityGateway + Clone>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, id: ClientId, username: &str, password: &str) {
     let username = username.to_string();
     let password = password.to_string();
     ship.handle(id, &RecvShipPacket::Login(Login {
@@ -52,24 +52,24 @@ pub async fn log_in_char<EG: EntityGateway>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, id:
     })).await.unwrap().for_each(drop);
 }
 
-pub async fn join_lobby<EG: EntityGateway>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, id: ClientId) {
+pub async fn join_lobby<EG: EntityGateway + Clone>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, id: ClientId) {
     ship.handle(id, &RecvShipPacket::CharData(CharData {
         _unknown: [0; 0x828]
     })).await.unwrap().for_each(drop);
 }
 
-pub async fn create_room<EG: EntityGateway>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, id: ClientId, name: &str, password: &str) {
+pub async fn create_room<EG: EntityGateway + Clone>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, id: ClientId, name: &str, password: &str) {
     create_room_with_difficulty(ship, id, name, password, Difficulty::Normal).await;
 }
 
-pub async fn leave_room<EG: EntityGateway>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, id: ClientId) {
+pub async fn leave_room<EG: EntityGateway + Clone>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, id: ClientId) {
     ship.handle(id, &RecvShipPacket::LobbySelect(LobbySelect {
         menu: 3,
         lobby: 0,
     })).await.unwrap().for_each(drop);
 }
 
-pub async fn create_room_with_difficulty<EG: EntityGateway>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, id: ClientId, name: &str, password: &str, difficulty: Difficulty) {
+pub async fn create_room_with_difficulty<EG: EntityGateway + Clone>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, id: ClientId, name: &str, password: &str, difficulty: Difficulty) {
     ship.handle(id, &RecvShipPacket::CreateRoom(CreateRoom {
         unknown: [0; 2],
         name: utf8_to_utf16_array!(name, 16),
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ pub async fn create_room_with_difficulty<EG: EntityGateway>(ship: &mut ShipServe
     ship.handle(id, &RecvShipPacket::DoneBursting(DoneBursting {})).await.unwrap().for_each(drop);
 }
 
-pub async fn join_room<EG: EntityGateway>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, id: ClientId, room_id: u32) {
+pub async fn join_room<EG: EntityGateway + Clone>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, id: ClientId, room_id: u32) {
     ship.handle(id, &RecvShipPacket::MenuSelect(MenuSelect {
         menu: ROOM_MENU_ID,
         item: room_id,
diff --git a/tests/test_trade.rs b/tests/test_trade.rs
index fd2c1b7..0d97cd7 100644
--- a/tests/test_trade.rs
+++ b/tests/test_trade.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use libpso::packet::messages::*;
 mod common;
 use common::*;
 
-async fn initialize_trade<EG: EntityGateway>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, client1: ClientId, client2: ClientId) {
+async fn initialize_trade<EG: EntityGateway + Clone>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, client1: ClientId, client2: ClientId) {
     ship.handle(client1, &RecvShipPacket::DirectMessage(DirectMessage::new(client2.0 as u32 -1, GameMessage::TradeRequest(TradeRequest {
         client: client1.0 as u8 -1,
         target: 0,
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ async fn initialize_trade<EG: EntityGateway>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, cli
     })))).await.unwrap().for_each(drop);
 }
 
-async fn confirm_trade<EG: EntityGateway>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, client1: ClientId, client2: ClientId) {
+async fn confirm_trade<EG: EntityGateway + Clone>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, client1: ClientId, client2: ClientId) {
     ship.handle(client1, &RecvShipPacket::DirectMessage(DirectMessage::new(client2.0 as u32 -1, GameMessage::TradeRequest(TradeRequest {
         client: client1.0 as u8 -1,
         target: 0,
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ async fn confirm_trade<EG: EntityGateway>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, client
     })))).await.unwrap().for_each(drop);
 }
 
-async fn finalconfirm_trade<EG: EntityGateway>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, client1: ClientId, client2: ClientId) {
+async fn finalconfirm_trade<EG: EntityGateway + Clone>(ship: &mut ShipServerState<EG>, client1: ClientId, client2: ClientId) {
     ship.handle(client1, &RecvShipPacket::DirectMessage(DirectMessage::new(client2.0 as u32 -1, GameMessage::TradeRequest(TradeRequest {
         client: client1.0 as u8 -1,
         target: 0,